The shotcrete process has been used for repair and installation of new linings in industrial melting and firing facilities since 1915. The relining of blast furnaces, ladles and casting facilities as well as petroleum and cement producing plants, are some of the applications that employ both dry- and wet-process shotcreting of specialty, heat-resistant materials. The shotcreting process allows for new installations during down time and "hot" installation of certain materials as a routine part of the production cycle – another advantage of this unique concrete construction method.